ATmega16 datasheet(124/357 Pages) ATMEL

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2466S–AVR–05/09

ATmega16(L)

In fast PWM mode, the compare unit allows generation of PWM waveforms on the OC2 pin. Set-

ting the COM21:0 bits to 2 will produce a non-inverted PWM and an inverted PWM output can

be generated by setting the COM21:0 to 3 (see Table 52 on page 129). The actual OC2 value

will only be visible on the port pin if the data direction for the port pin is set as output. The PWM

waveform is generated by setting (or clearing) the OC2 Register at the compare match between

OCR2 and TCNT2, and clearing (or setting) the OC2 Register at the timer clock cycle the coun-

ter is cleared (changes from MAX to BOTTOM).

The PWM frequency for the output can be calculated by the following equation:

The N variable represents the prescale factor (1, 8, 32, 64, 128, 256, or 1024).

The extreme values for the OCR2 Register represent special cases when generating a PWM

waveform output in the fast PWM mode. If the OCR2 is set equal to BOTTOM, the output will be

a narrow spike for each MAX+1 timer clock cycle. Setting the OCR2 equal to MAX will result in a

constantly high or low output (depending on the polarity of the output set by the COM21:0 bits.)

A frequency (with 50% duty cycle) waveform output in fast PWM mode can be achieved by set-

ting OC2 to toggle its logical level on each compare match (COM21:0 = 1). The waveform

generated will have a maximum frequency of f

oc2 = fclk_I/O/2 when OCR2 is set to zero. This fea-

ture is similar to the OC2 toggle in CTC mode, except the double buffer feature of the output

compare unit is enabled in the fast PWM mode.

Phase Correct PWM

Mode

The phase correct PWM mode (WGM21:0 = 1) provides a high resolution phase correct PWM

waveform generation option. The phase correct PWM mode is based on a dual-slope operation.

The counter counts repeatedly from BOTTOM to MAX and then from MAX to BOTTOM. In non-

inverting Compare Output mode, the Output Compare (OC2) is cleared on the compare match

between TCNT2 and OCR2 while upcounting, and set on the compare match while downcount-

ing. In inverting Output Compare mode, the operation is inverted. The dual-slope operation has

lower maximum operation frequency than single slope operation. However, due to the symmet-

ric feature of the dual-slope PWM modes, these modes are preferred for motor control

applications.

The PWM resolution for the phase correct PWM mode is fixed to 8 bits. In phase correct PWM

mode the counter is incremented until the counter value matches MAX. When the counter

reaches MAX, it changes the count direction. The TCNT2 value will be equal to MAX for one

timer clock cycle. The timing diagram for the phase correct PWM mode is shown on Figure 59.

The TCNT2 value is in the timing diagram shown as a histogram for illustrating the dual-slope

operation. The diagram includes non-inverted and inverted PWM outputs. The small horizontal

line marks on the TCNT2 slopes represent compare matches between OCR2 and TCNT2.

fOCnPWM

clk_I/O

N 256

⋅

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ATmega16 Datasheet(PDF) 124 Page - ATMEL Corporation

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